backwardness

英 [ˈbækwədnəs]

美 [ˈbækwərdnəs]

n.  落后状况

医学

BNC.23144 / COCA.22947

牛津词典

noun

• 落后状况
  the state of having made less progress than normal

柯林斯词典

In American English,backwardis usually used as an adverb instead ofbackwards.Backwardis also sometimes used in this way in formal British English. Seebackwardsfor these uses.
美国英语通常将backward用作副词，而不用backwards。正式的英国英语中有时也有这种用法。此类用法参见backwards。

• ADJ 向后的，往后的（一些人亦使用backwards)
  Abackwardmovement or look is in the direction that your back is facing. Some people usebackwardsfor this meaning.
  1. He unlocked the door of apartment two and disappeared inside after a backward glance at Larry...
     他打开2号公寓的门，回头瞥了拉里一眼，然后就进了房间。
  2. He did a backward flip.
     他做了一个后空翻。
• ADJ 倒退的；不进反退的
  If someone takes abackwardstep, they do something that does not change or improve their situation, but causes them to go back a stage.
  1. At a certain age, it's not viable for men to take a backward step into unskilled work...
     到了一定的年龄，就不可能再退回去干不需要技能的工作。
  2. Many dentists will no longer treat National Health Service patients, which is a big backward step in this country.
     许多牙医不再为依靠国民保健制度的病人看病，这是该国的一大倒退。
• ADJ-GRADED 落后的
  Abackwardcountry or society does not have modern industries and machines.
  1. We need to accelerate the pace of change in our backward country.
     我们应当为落后的祖国加快变革的脚步。
• ADJ-GRADED 迟钝的；学习吃力的
  Abackwardchild has difficulty in learning.
  1. ...research into teaching techniques to help backward children...
     关于帮助落后孩子的教学方法研究
  2. I was slow to walk and talk and my parents thought I was backward.
     我学走路和说话都很慢，所以我父母以为我很迟钝。

英英释义

noun

• lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
  Synonym:retardationmental retardationslownesssubnormality

双语例句

• These countries continue to enjoy what the economist Alexander Gerschenkron called "advantages of backwardness".
  这些国家继续享有经济学家亚历山大？格申克龙（alexandergerschenkron）所称的“后发优势”。
• If you think of backwardness, you fell behind.
  如果你想到落后，你就落后了。
• The basic cause of Russian backwardness lies in its peasants.
  俄国落后的根本原因就是农民因素。
• In recent years, Cambodia has already realized that foreign capital is important for economy development of backwardness state, formulated and consummated foreign investments laws.
  近年来，柬埔寨已经意识到引进外资对落后国家经济发展的重要性，制定和完善了一批外国投资法律。
• This case exposes the backwardness of copyright legislation for the folklore protection in China.
  此案暴露了我国民间文学私权保护制度的立法滞后性。
• We are struggling with backwardness.
  我们正在和落后现象作斗争。
• One feature of the history of old Russia was the continual defeats she suffered because of her backwardness.
  旧俄罗斯历史的一个特点就是它的落后使它不断吃败仗。
• Humiliating situation for this reason, the western capitalist powers on the one hand, China's aggression, on the other hand, the backwardness of China's social system.
  造成这种屈辱局面的原因，一方面是西方资本主义列强对中国的侵略，另一方面是中国社会制度的落后。
• There was similar economic and cultural backwardness.
  经济和文化落后，这是近似的。
• At that time, I had a deep sense of the poverty, backwardness and feebleness of old China.
  对旧中国的贫困落后和国势衰败有着深刻感受。